As a proud Breton, I’ll guide you through making the perfect sweet crêpes with my beloved family recipe – and expert tips to ensure success. Grab your skillet!

These are the best crêpes I’ve ever had. Family loved them too and asked for them to be a weekly tradition. Thank you so much!! – Mari Craig 

What Are French Crêpes?

Crêpes are delicate, lacy pancakes made from a simple batter of flour, eggs, milk, melted butter and a pinch of salt. Originating from Brittany, in western France, they are a beloved staple of our regional cuisine. Here in Brittany, crêperies are everywhere, and for many of us, enjoying a fresh plate of authentic French crêpes is a cherished ritual we indulge in at least every two weeks!

One of the things that makes crêpes so special is their incredible versatility. They can be enjoyed at any time of day—whether for breakfast, a quick lunch, the beloved French “goûter” (afternoon snack), or even a cozy dinner. And while they’re fun to order at a crêperie, making them at home is just as delightful.

But did you know there are actually two different types of crêpes in France? The batter changes depending on whether you’re making a sweet or savory crêpe!

Savory vs. sweet crêpes

• Crêpes de Blé Noir (Buckwheat Crêpes): Traditional Breton savory crêpes are made with buckwheat flour, giving a darker color and a rich, nutty flavor. They are perfect for fillings like ham, cheese, mushrooms, and eggs.
• Crêpes de Froment (Wheat Crêpes): Sweeter crêpes are traditionally made with wheat flour and typically enjoyed with butter, sugar, fruit, chocolate, or jam.

Today’s recipe is for sweet crêpes, known in Brittany as “crêpes de froment” (wheat crêpes). This is my cherished family recipe, passed down through generations—a true taste of tradition. And now, I’m sharing it with you! So, dust off your skillet, warm up your pan, and get ready to flip some golden, lacy crêpes.

Let’s bring a little bit of Brittany into your kitchen!

Ingredients you’ll need for making French crêpes

Mastering French crêpes is easier than you think! With the right techniques and ingredients, you’ll be making light, tender crêpes like a pro. Let’s take a closer look at the ingredients you’ll need.  

• Flour: While you can experiment with different types of flours, I find good old all-purpose flour works perfectly for making crêpes. The better the flour, the better the crêpes! So, if you can opt for organic all-purpose flour like Bob’s Red Mill, King Arthur or one from a local mill, even better. All-purpose white flour provides the structure of the crêpes.
• Salt: To enhance the flavors.
• Sugar: One tablespoon of sugar is the right amount to give a nice golden color to the crêpes, without them being too sweet.
• Eggs: Four large eggs bind the batter together and make for tender crêpes. Make sure the eggs are at room temperature.
• Butter: Melted butter is mixed into the batter to add some richness and enhance flavor. It also helps having the crêpes to not stick to your pan when you cook them.
• Milk: Prefer whole milk to create a rich, smooth batter and supple crêpes. 2% m.f. milk also works as a lighter option.
• Rum: A dash of rum is often used in Brittany: it adds such a distinctive flavor to the crêpes, reminding me of home. The alcohol completely burns off when you cook the crêpes.

Equipment needed

You can cook your crêpes in any 8 – 12-inch non-stick pan – the pan’s base determines the size of your crêpes.  If you make crêpes often, I recommend investing in a crêpière—a pan with low edges and a thick bottom, designed specifically for crêpes. Brands like Mauviel and De Buyer offer excellent options.

Start by mixing the batter with a wooden spoon, then switch to a whisk for a smoother consistency. If any lumps remain, simply strain the batter through a fine-mesh sieve.”

Don’t stress about flipping crêpes in the air! You can do it for fun if you want, but this isn’t mandatory. Traditionally in Brittany, crêpes are simply peeled off and lifted with a wooden spatula and flipped gently.

Step by step instructions

My foolproof recipe is based on the authentic Breton method, ensuring delicate, flavorful crêpes every time.

Step 1: Prepare the Batter

In a large mixing bowl, sift together the flour, salt, and sugar. Create a well in the center.

Crack in the eggs and mix with a wooden spoon until combined. The mixture will be thick.

In a separate bowl, mix the melted butter, milk, and rum. Gradually whisk this liquid into the flour mixture until you achieve a smooth, lump-free batter with the consistency of heavy cream.

Cover the bowl with plastic wrap and refrigerate for at least 1 hour, or preferably overnight, to allow the flour to fully absorb the liquid.  The batter should be homogeneous and velvety smooth. 

Step 2: Cook the Crêpes

Heat an 8 to 12-inch nonstick skillet or crêpe pan over medium heat. Lightly grease with butter.

Pour about 1/3 cup of batter into the pan, quickly swirling to evenly coat the bottom.

Cook for 1-2 minutes until the edges start to lift and the underside is golden. Use a spatula (or your fingertips) to gently flip the crêpe and cook for another minute.

Transfer to a plate, cover with a clean dish towel, and repeat until all the batter is used.

10 Expert Tips for Perfect Crêpes

Crêpes may have a reputation for being intimidating, but they shouldn’t be! With the right approach, I promise anyone can master these delicate wonders. Here are my 10 tips, refined over years of crêpe-making and recipe tweaking, that will help any novice build confidence and perfect their technique. Enjoy!

1. Choose the right milk: Whole or 2% milk works best. Avoid skim or lactose-free milk, as they produce less tender crêpes that are usually harder to fold or roll without breaking.  
2. Incorporate melted butter into the batter: This gives the crêpes a slightly richer taste and enhances all the flavors.
3. Smooth batter is key: If your batter is lumpy, strain it through a fine mesh sieve. Some people like to mix their crêpe batter in a blender (not very authentic, and I fear this may over-mix the batter too), but if you think it works for you, then go ahead! Having a smooth, lump-free batter is crucial before starting making the crêpes.
4. If you do decide to make your crêpe batter in a blender, add the liquids first before adding the flour. If you start with the dry ingredients, some of the flour may get stuck at the bottom.
5. Always add salt. Just as with bread or pasta water, salt is essential for enhancing the flavor of a crêpe. You won’t necessarily taste the salt, but without it, the crêpe will lack depth and richness.
6. Rest the Batter: Refrigerate the batter for at least an hour (or ideally overnight) to improve texture and flavor. The flour in the batter needs some time to absorb the liquids, which will make for delicate and tender crêpes.
7. Grease the pan well. Don’t be afraid to be generous when you grease the pan. In true Brittany fashion, I prefer to use butter to grease the pan but a neutral oil (ie. Canola) or lard work well too.
8. Work with a well-heated crêpe pan. Allow the greased pan to heat for at least two minutes before adding the batter. To check if it’s ready, do a quick heat test: drop a few drops of batter onto the pan—if they sizzle and set almost instantly, the temperature is perfect for quick cooking. The key is to cook the crêpe as briefly as possible to keep it soft and prevent it from drying out.
9. Pour the right quantity of batter. For making perfect crêpes, you need to pour enough batter to cover about 2/3 of the surface of your pan. While you pour, swirl your pan quickly to cover the rest of the surface. I find that 1/3 cup batter is enough to cover a 12-inch pan, and keep the crêpe thin enough. For an 8 – 10-inch pan, ¼ cup works best. After your make 1 or 2 crêpes, look at how much batter this corresponds to in your ladle and keep this reference point in mind for the next crêpes.
10. Keep Crêpes Warm: If you are preparing a stack of crêpes (to be garnished and enjoyed later), prepare a plate covered with a clean dish cloth. Each time you finish cooking a crêpe, peel it off from the pan and place it on the plate – preferably folded in half so it is easier to grab later- and cover it with the cloth. Pile your crêpes on the plate, and make sure the cloth is always wrapped around your plate, nice and tight – so the steam is kept inside. This technique will make sure your crêpes are evenly cooked and stay very tender.

Best sweet crêpe filling ideas

• White sugar and lemon juice (my favorite!)
• Salted butter caramel
• Chocolate Hazelnut spread and sliced banana
• Crème de marron (chestnut cream)
• Strawberry jam or marmalade
• Fresh berries and powdered sugar

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I use a dairy-free option to substitute the milk?

I don’t recommend it. This recipe is specially tailored for whole milk (or 2% m.f.) to create thin, tender crêpes. Using a dairy free milk like almond, soy or coconut milk will alter the texture too much and I can’t guarantee the result.

Can I make crêpes ahead of time?

Yes! Stack them on the plate, cover tightly with plastic film and refrigerate for up to 3 days.

Can I freeze crêpes?

Absolutely! Once the crêpes are completely cool, store them in an airtight container or Ziplock bag, and place in freezer for up to 2 months. Thaw overnight in the fridge.

Why is my first crêpe always bad?

It’s common for the first crêpe to turn out imperfect as the pan temperature stabilizes. In France, we actually call the first crêpe “la crêpe du chien” (the dog’s crêpe).

And the last crêpe that’s usually too small because it’s made with too little batter? We call it “la crêpe du chat” (the cat’s crêpe).

Cooking note

There’s no single “right” amount of time to cook a crêpe—3 to 4 minutes is the norm, but it all depends on your personal preference! Some people enjoy theirs soft and tender, while others love the crispy edges that develop after an extra minute or two in the pan.

In Brittany, when dining at a crêperie, you can ask for your crêpe to be “kraz,” which means “crisp.” This style is intentionally “overcooked,” resulting in a delightfully crunchy texture. You can even snap the edges with your fingers or a fork! Most Bretons prefer their crêpes this way, but in other regions, they tend to be softer and more delicate throughout.

I highly recommend trying both styles—who knows, you might discover a new favorite!

I hope you’ll enjoy this French Crêpes recipe as much as I do! If you have any questions, please leave a comment.

More French breakfast recipes: 

• French Almond Croissants (Bakery Style)
• Classic French Toast (Pain Perdu)
• Chouquettes (French Sugar Puffs)
• Classic French Butter Brioche
• Overnight No-knead Bread
• Chouquettes (French Sugar Puffs)
• Chocolate Vanilla Marble Cake (Gâteau marbré)

French Crêpes

Print Recipe

Serves: 12-14 crêpes Prep Time: 1 Hour Cooking Time: 1 Hour 1 Hour

Nutrition facts: 200 calories 20 grams fat

Rating: 4.7/5

( 3 voted )

Ingredients

2 cups (250g) all-purpose flour
1/2 tsp salt
1 tbsp (12g) of white sugar
4 large eggs, at room temperature
3 tbsp (45g) unsalted butter, melted.
2 cups + 3 tbsp (500ml) whole milk (or 2%)
1 tbsp (15ml) Rum (dark or light)

Instructions

1. Sift together the flour, salt and sugar in a big mixing bowl and dig a well in the middle.
2. Break in the eggs into the well, all at once, and mix with a wooden spoon until incorporated (the batter will have the consistency of a thick paste).
3. In a separate bowl, mix together the melted butter, milk and rum. Whisk in the liquid into the crêpe batter, little by little, until your batter becomes a velvety smooth liquid – that has the consistency of heavy cream.
4. Cover your bowl with a clean cloth and refrigerate for at least 1 hour (ideally, overnight).
5. After 1 hour (or the next morning), heat a 8-12-inch nonstick skillet/pan over medium heat. When your pan is hot, add 1/3 cup of batter and swirl your pan quickly to completely cover the bottom. Cook until micro-bubbles form on top, and the underside of the crêpe is golden - this should take 2 to 3 minutes (if it takes longer, your pan is not hot enough).
6. Carefully loosen the edge of the crêpe with a rubber spatula, and then with your fingertips, carefully peel off the crêpe and quickly flip it. Cook for an additional minute on the other side.
7. Slide your crêpe out of your pan onto a plate and cover with a dish cloth (this keeps the moisture in, makes sure the crêpe is evenly cooked and prevents it from drying out too quickly). Repeat for the other crêpes until you run out of batter.

 

Notes...

Because they are thin and delicate, crêpes are best enjoyed the day of. But well stacked and wrapped, you can keep them for up to 3 days in the fridge.

The post French Crêpes appeared first on Pardon Your French.

The result is a comforting dish bathed in a succulent, sweet-and-salty sauce that’s slightly syrupy. It’s a perfect choice for a cozy Sunday dinner, yet elegant enough to grace your holiday table as well.

French-style braised pork loin with prunes, cognac and white wine

I’ve been eager to share this traditional French braised pork with prunes recipe with you for quite some time now! It is one of those dishes that perfectly captures the essence of Brittany comfort food. “Porc aux Pruneaux” is a time-honored favorite, enjoyed in homes all across France, but it holds a special place in the heart of Brittany, where pork and prunes are culinary staples.

Today, I’m excited to introduce you to my personal favorite version of this classic: tender pork loin, slowly braised in white wine on the stovetop, paired with a luscious onion and prune sauce. This recipe brings back childhood memories of Sunday family lunches… I have always loved the combination of hearty, savory pork with the natural sweetness of prunes. Though the ingredients are simple and unpretentious, the flavors are truly extraordinary!

Plus, I think it’s always great to have a braised pork recipe in your repertoire, so I truly hope you’ll enjoy this family recipe – it’s one that never fails to impress.

Ingredients you’ll need for this Braised pork loin with prunes

• Pork. I like to use a boneless pork loin (not tenderloin) for this recipe. This is one of the most popular types of roasts you can find at the butcher or the grocery store, and often the most affordable. This cut is from just below the shoulder and usually quite lean. The cylindrical shape of a loin make it easy to cook as heat can be distributed evenly. Most pork loins weigh around 2lbs, which is exactly what you need for this recipe. I highly recommend you purchase a tied pork loin to cook it through evenly. Either ask your butcher to tie it or you can do it yourself. I really like this article with instructions.
• Prunes. 8 oz (220g) of prunes (dried plums) are needed for this recipe. Unpitted is best, but pitted works too – just warn your guests when you serve the dish!
• Cognac or Armagnac. One to two hours before you start the recipe, you soak the dried prunes in a splash of Cognac or Armagnac. This helps “tenderize” the prunes and infuse them with a lovely flavor.
• Onions. Four large white or yellow onions are needed.
• Bacon (or lardons). Traditionally in France, this recipe would be created with “lardons”: thin strips of cured pork belly, very common and readily available in all grocery stores. As an alternative, you can use bacon, cut across the grain into short matchsticks.
• White wine. The braising sauce is made from half white wine and half chicken stock. Choose a wine that is crisp and dry, such as a Sauvignon Blanc, Pinot Grigio or Chardonnay.
• Chicken stock. Ideally, use low-sodium chicken stock. As a substitute, vegetable stock works too.
• Rosemary. One or two large sprigs of fresh rosemary gives a lovely herby hint to the sauce.

Frequently asked questions

What cut of pork do you recommend for this recipe?

I recommend a boneless pork loin for this recipe, which is a lean cut that’s usually affordable. The uniform shape of a pork loin makes it easy to sear on all sides and cook it through evenly when braising.

Can you substitute pork loin for shoulder?

If pork loin isn’t available, you can easily swap it for boneless pork shoulder. While this cut has a bit more fat and marbling, the flavor and texture are quite similar. Since pork shoulder benefits from longer, slower cooking to become tender, just tweak the cooking time in step 4 – instead simmering the pork in the braising liquid over medium-low heat for about 1 hour and 15 minutes instead of 45 minutes, potentially a bit longer if needed.

Which white wine should I use for this recipe?

Braising pork with white wine is an easy way to bring out some amazing flavors in your dish. As it cooks, the alcohol evaporates, and the wine’s flavor really comes through. That’s why picking the right wine matters—otherwise, you might end up with something too sweet or a bit too intense.

For this braised pork loin, I recommend using a white wine that is dry and crisp. Some of my recommendations are:

• Sauvignon Blanc – this is my go-to white wine for cooking. It provides a great acidity.
• Pinot Grigio – a neutral white wine, which makes is easy to cook with and very versatile.
• Unoaked Chardonnay – this one is slightly richer than the two above.

You shouldn’t reach for a pricy bottle, but not the cheapest cooking wine either. Splurging a little for the white wine will only make your dish taste better!

Can you make this pork loin recipe in a slow cooker?

I don’t recommend using a slow cooker for this recipe. Cooking in a braiser or Dutch oven allows the meat to brown beautifully, enhancing both flavor and appearance. You also need to sear the onions until they’re slightly caramelized, which is hard to do in a slow cooker.

How to serve this braised pork with prunes?

When it is fully cooked, transfer the pork loin onto a serving plate and pour the sauce with the prunes and onions all around it. For serving, slice the pork into thick pieces like pork chops, about ⅓” thick. Place slices on plates and pour the sauce over top.

On the side, you can simply serve rice and/or green beans, or go the extra mile with a Potato Gratin Dauphinois, Green Beans Almondine or Vichy Carrots.

How to store leftovers

• To refrigerate: If you have any leftovers, simply store them in an airtight container in the refrigerator for up to 3 days.
• To freeze: Ensure the dish is cooled completely, and then placed in an airtight and freezer friendly container. To use, allow to thaw overnight in the fridge. Then, reheat ideally on a stovetop over medium-low heat until ready to serve.

Audrey’s cooking tips: 

• This is a recipe perfect for 6 people. 
• You need a large heavy bottom Dutch oven or braising pan, with a fitted lid, to make this dish.
• The U.S. Department of Agriculture recommends cooking pork to at least 145°F (74°C).to eliminate any bacteria. But beware that leaner cuts like a pork loin can quickly end up dry or chalky as soon as you go over this temp. To ensure I stay at the right temperature, I like to rely on a meat thermometer.

I hope you’ll love this Braised Pork Loin with Prunes (Porc aux pruneaux) recipe as much as I do. If you have any questions, please leave a comment. 

French recipes for pork: 

• Beer-Braised Spiced Pork Shanks
• Pork Chops with Apples and Cider Sauce
• Pork Chops in Grainy Mustard and Mushroom Sauce
• French Cabbage and Sausage Soup (Soupe Paysanne)

Braised Pork Loin with Prunes (Porc aux Pruneaux)

Print Recipe

Serves: 6 Prep Time: 15 Minutes Cooking Time: 1 Hour 30 Minutes 1 Hour 30 Minutes

Nutrition facts: 200 calories 20 grams fat

Rating: 5.0/5

( 4 voted )

Ingredients

2 lbs (950g) pork loin, tied
1 ¼ tsp salt
1 ½ tsp black pepper
8 ounces (220g) dried prunes (ideally, pitted)
¼ cup (60ml) Armagnac or Cognac
2 tbsp butter, unsalted
4 medium onions, peeled and sliced in ½ rounds
3 ounces bacon (3 strips/about 100g), sliced into ¼” (0.65cm) thick matchsticks
½ cup (125ml) white wine
½ cup (125ml) chicken stock, ideally low sodium
1 or 2 rosemary sprigs

Instructions

Step 1 - Place the dried prunes in a bowl with  Armagnac/Cognac and stir to coat. Let the prunes soak for 1-2 hours. 

Step 2 - One hour before you start cooking, take the pork roast out of the fridge and season it generously on all sides with 1 teaspoon of salt and 1 teaspoon of black pepper. Leave on the counter to warm to room temperature.

Step 3 - Over medium heat, melt the butter in a large skillet, braising pan or Dutch oven. Add the pork loin and sear for 6-7 minutes per side. Make sure you sear all sides until browned. Transfer pork onto a plate and cover with foil. Do not clean the skillet of fat drippings.

Step 4 - Add the onions, bacon strips, rosemary,  ¼ teaspoon of salt and ½ teaspoon black pepper into the same skillet and sauté for 15 minutes, until the mix becomes fragrant and the onions are lightly caramelized. Add the white wine and chicken stock. When the liquid starts simmering, add the pork back into the pan, cover with a lid and cook for 45 minutes on medium-low heat.

Step 5 - Drain the prunes from the Cognac (or Armagnac) and add into the sauce. Don’t add the alcohol. You can pour it into a glass for sipping. Cover with a lid and cook for 20 more minutes.

Check if the pork is cooked: a meat thermometer should read 145°F (74°C). If it hasn’t reached this temperature yet, let it cook 5 to 10 extra minutes.

Step 5 - Take off the lid, and simmer the sauce for 5-10 minutes until you reach the desired consistency. The sauce should have a slightly syrupy consistency. Taste and adjust seasoning if needed.

For serving, slice the pork roast into  ⅓” thick slices and pour sauce over top of each slice.

The post Braised Pork Loin with Prunes (Porc aux pruneaux) appeared first on Pardon Your French.

Enjoy them as a fun finger food with your favorite dip, paired with a refreshing summer salad, or tucked into a sandwich bun for a delicious meal.

Canned sardines in Brittany

Canned sardines are a staple food in Brittany region, that we all enjoy on a weekly basis. Local sardines are plentiful on the Brittany coastline, and they arrive fresh every morning at the harbour. While some of them are sold fresh at the fishmongers, most of them are shipped off as soon as the boats arrive to the local “conserveries” (canning factories) to be tin-canned.

Many conserveries like La Belle Iloise, Connétable and Petit Navire have made a huge reputation for themselves since the late 19^th century. They continue today to pack sardines in oil the traditional way (that is, by hand) and their tins are widely available in all grocery stores. 

Sardine Cakes, known as “croquettes”

I’ve loved canned sardines since I was a kid, and they’re still a staple in my weekly meals. I often savor them just as they are, swimming in their rich oil. But there are so many delicious ways to enjoy canned sardines, and these croquettes are one of my favorites!

In taste and texture, these Croquettes de Sardine are reminiscent of the classic American fish cakes or crab cakes you may be familiar with. But the use of sardine gives them a bolder taste and a slightly richer, creamier texture too! 

Ingredients you’ll need for these Sardine White Bean Cakes (Croquettes de Sardine)

These sardines’ croquettes are such a fun recipe to make, with just a few staple and affordable ingredients. Here is a detailed look.

1. Sardines. Plain, canned sardines are the stars of this dish! With a very distinctive taste (and smell!), tinned sardines get mashed to create these fun, bite-size croquettes. Choose them packed in oil (not water) and ideally un-flavored (ie. not “picante”, nor coming with lemon or tomato sauce). You also need one tablespoon (15ml) of the canned sardine oil. 
2. White beans. Canned white beans are mashed with the sardines and used here to create a dense consistency that holds the cakes together. Plus, mashed white beans are deliciously creamy and have a mild taste that allows the sardine taste to shine.
3. Onion. Minced red onion provides crunch and a nice tang to the croquettes. I like to mild taste of red onion, but you can opt for sweet or spring onions if you prefer.
4. Parsley. A generous measure of fresh parsley (stemmed and roughly chopped) adds a nice flavor. Flat or curly parsley both work perfectly. I like the mild taste of parsley, but you can also opt for fresh coriander which yields a more assertive, herby flavor.
5. Dijon mustard. One tablespoon of Dijon mustard is mixed into the fish cake mixture, for a touch of tang.
6. Seasonings. Salt, black pepper and a pinch of cayenne pepper are the simple seasonings used in these fish cakes. Again, you really want to let the sardine taste shine here.
7. For the breading. A combination of flour, egg and breadcrumbs are used to create a thick and crispy outer layer. Prepare 3 different vessels with all-purpose flour, a room-temperature beaten egg and breadcrumbs (seasoned or unseasoned, as you prefer).
8. Frying oil. A shallow frying pan is covered with about 1/2 inch (1.25 cm) of oil to fry the cakes. I recommend you opt for a good frying oil such as avocado, sunflower, canola or peanut.

Frequently Asked Questions

I don’t like parsley, what other herb(s) can I use?

Fresh coriander also works wonderfully in this recipe. I personally prefer the mild taste of parsley, but coriander yields a stronger herbal flavor that’s lovely too.

What frying oil do you recommend?

My best recommendations for frying oils are avocado (highest smoking point), canola (widely available and affordable), sunflower and peanut oil. For more details, I recommend this article.

Can they be prepared ahead?

Yes, absolutely! You can prepare these sardine croquettes ahead of time, up until frying them. Keep the unfried patties on a clean plate and cover them with a plastic film in the fridge. You can keep them like this for up to 24h. When ready, take the patties out of the fridge at least 30 minutes beforehand, so they can slightly warm. You can then fry them and serve them.

How long can you keep these sardine cakes?

Like most fried food, these sardine croquettes are best enjoyed immediately, when they’re still piping hot and crisp.

Once fried, Keep them for up to 4 days in the fridge. You can also keep them in the freezer for up to 2 months, in an airtight container.

To reheat, spread them on a baking sheet covered with parchment paper, and bake them for 15 minutes in a pre-heated over at 350°F (180°C).  I don’t recommend re-heating them in the microwave as they become soft and mushy.

How to serve these sardine and white bean cakes?

• As an appetizer. Serve these sardine croquettes as an appetizer, with a creamy dressing to dip and wedges of lemon on the side. They are ideal for serving as finger foods at a gathering.
• With a salad. You can also enjoy them as the main protein for a meal, served with salad and a light vinaigrette, sliced tomatoes and cucumber to balance the richness of the cakes.
• In a sandwich. You can eat them on a bun, with lettuce, tomato and a choice of condiment like tartare or remoulade sauce.

Audrey’s cooking tips:

• You can make these sardine cakes either by hand or with a food processor. I personally prefer using a fork to mash the sardines and white beans together, to keep a chunky consistency. You can also use a processor to mash them until your desired consistency.
• Make sure you drain the can of white beans very well.
• For the breadcrumbs, use classic store-bought or hand-made (grating stale bread) if you would like a thinner coating. Or you can use panko if you would like a lighter, yet crunchier coating.

I hope you’ll love this Sardine and White Bean Cakes recipe as much as I do. If you have any questions, please leave a comment. 

More appetizer recipes you may like: 

• French Cheese Puffs (Gougères)
• Eggplant Caviar Dip (Caviar d’Aubergine)
• French-style Zucchini Fritters
• Brie en Croûte with Cranberries, Nuts and Thyme
• Classic French Salmon Rillettes
• Swiss Chard Pancakes (Farçous)
• Ham Cheese Olive Bread 
• Sardine and Cream Cheese Rillettes
• Roasted Red Pepper Dip (Poivronade)
• Black Olive Tapenade
• Gruyère Cheese Twists (Torsades au fromage)

Sardine White Bean Cakes (Croquettes de Sardine)

Print Recipe

Serves: Makes 9-10 croquettes Prep Time: 30 Minutes Cooking Time: 20 Minutes 20 Minutes

Nutrition facts: 200 calories 20 grams fat

Rating: 5.0/5

( 1 voted )

Ingredients

1 can of sardines, in oil [125g /4.4oz/ = 4 large sardines]
1 tbsp (15ml) of the canned sardine oil
1 can cooked, plain white beans (300g), drained
½ red onion, peeled and diced
10-12 fresh parsley sprigs, stemmed and chopped
1 tbsp (15g) Dijon Mustard
¼ tsp salt
¼ tsp freshly ground black pepper
1/8 tsp cayenne powder

1/2 cup (63g) all-purpose flour
1 large egg, at room temperature
1 cup (90g) breadcrumbs

Frying oil (sunflower, canola or peanut)

Instructions

Step 1 - Place the sardines and white beans in a shallow plate and mash roughly together with a fork, until creamy but some small chunks are still visible. Mix in the sardine oil, onion, chopped parsley, Dijon mustard, salt, pepper and cayenne pepper.

Step 2 -With clean hands, grab the equivalent of 2 tablespoons of the sardine mixture and shape it into a ball. Press it lightly between your palm to flatten it. Repeat, until no mixture is left. 

Step 3 -Prepare three small bowls: one with the flour, one with the egg (beaten) and one with the breadcrumbs. Roll each cake into the flour, then the egg, then the breadcrumbs. If needed, flatten the cakes more with a fork, until they’re all about 0.8-inch/2cm thick.

Place all the breaded cakes on a clean plate and set aside in the fridge for 30 minutes to set.

Step 4 - Fill a large frying pan with 1/2 inch (1.25cm) of frying oil. When the oil is sizzling, place three or four sardine croquettes in the pan. Do not overcrowd the pan. Fry until crisp and golden, about 3 minutes per side.

Transfer the croquettes onto a plate lined with paper towel. Lightly salt them to taste. Repeat until all croquettes are cooked. When needed, add extra oil to “refill” the bottom the pan.

Serve the cakes hot and crispy.

The post Sardine White Bean Cakes (Croquettes de Sardine) appeared first on Pardon Your French.

Pork and pork shanks in Brittany

Since moving back to Brittany, I have slowly rekindled my love with pork – even though I am not usually a big meat eater. But Brittany is indeed France’s biggest pork-producing region and naturally features heavily in its cooking repertoire. Pork is also an inexpensive meat to shop for here, which is why we often turn to it at the grocery store and at the market. Pork shoulders, pork chops, shanks, belly, pork pâtés and rillettes – if you like pork, Brittany is definitely the place to be!

Of all the pork pieces available, my husband (who is Canadian and recently moved to France with me) was very surprised to find pork shanks were so popular and affordable here. They’re in fact a beloved piece of meat here, as they’re full of flavor, economical and easy to prepare when braised. 

So today I wanted to share with you this very typical method from my home region for cooking pork shanks – slowly braised in beer. This easy method ensures the meat turns fork tender every time and creates such a delicious sauce too. As a personal touch, I like to add spices like cinnamon and cloves, as they complement the beer flavor nicely and add extra warmth to this dish. 

What are pork shanks exactly? 

Pork shanks, known as “jarrets de porc” in French, are an incredibly popular piece of meat in France. Pork shanks come from the front forearm of the pig and are known to be an affordable, lean, yet tough cut of meat. They can in fact turn chewy when cooked incorrectly. However, if you braise them slowly for a long period of time, they turn utterly tender and succulent. This is why you will often find beer-braised and cider-braised pork shank recipes in Brittany. 

Pork shanks are almost always sold bone-in and with the skin on. This means the bone and skin also give the braising liquid a lot more flavor. 

The key to this recipe is to never allow the braising liquid simmer or bowl, or it will toughen the meat. Instead, let the pork shanks cook slowly for about 3 hours until they turn fork tender. 

I think this recipe is thus best suited for weekends, when you can devote a few hours to being home. This is a simple recipe that requires minimal effort and prepping, but it takes more than 3 hours to achieve, so plan accordingly.

Cooking notes: 

• What beer to choose? For this recipe, I recommend using an Amber ale. This type of beer has a medium to high cereal character. It provides delicious roasted flavors and caramel notes to this dish, without being too sweet or overpowering.  Amber Ales are quite popular in Brittany, and known as “Ambré”. You may be lucky enough to find some of our brews in North America. But if you can’t, Amber ales are also very easy to find in North America and will provide a very similar taste. You can find a few suggestions here.  
• Equipment: To achieve this recipe, you will need a heavy bottomed Dutch-oven (about 6-quarts) or a large casserole that can go from the stove top to the oven.
• For this recipe, make sure you purchase fresh pork shanks – not cured or smoked. 
• Pork shanks almost always come bone-in and with the skin on. Even if you’re not planning on eating it, keep the skin on during the cooking process; as it will impart a lot of favor to the meat and braising liquid. Once the shanks are cooked, you can then decide to remove it if you want. 

I hope you’ll love this Beer-Braised Spiced Pork Shanks as much as I do! If you have any questions, please leave a comment. 

If you enjoy pork recipe, I suggest you try my traditional French Braised Pork with Prunes recipe and my easy Pork Chops with Apples and Cider recipe. They are two rustic recipes hailing Brittany, my home region, that are perfect for any occasion.

You may also like:

• Classic French Beef Bourguignon
• French Roast Chicken
• Chicken and Mushroom Pie (Tourte)
• Classic French Coq Au Vin Rouge
• French Tarragon Chicken 
• Simple Chicken Marengo with Mushrooms 
• Chicken Chasseur (Classic French Hunter’s Chicken)
• Braised Chicken Thighs with Garlic and Onion
• Chicken Breasts in Creamy Mushroom Sauce

Beer-Braised Spiced Pork Shanks

Print Recipe

Serves: 2 Prep Time: 15 Minutes Cooking Time: 3 Hours 3 Hours

Nutrition facts: 200 calories 20 grams fat

Rating: 5.0/5

( 2 voted )

Ingredients

2 whole fresh pork shanks, bone-in and skin on
1/2 tsp salt
1 tbsp (15ml) extra virgin olive oil
1 tbsp (14g) unsalted butter
1/3 lb (150g) shallots, peeled and thinly sliced
1 garlic clove, peeled and minced
1 lb (450g) carrots, peeled and roughly chopped
8 cloves
2 bay leaves
1 tsp ground cinnamon
½ tsp ground black pepper
3 sprigs of thyme
3 cups (750ml/24oz) Amber beer
1 cup (250ml) beef stock (ideally, low sodium)

Instructions

Step 1 - One hour before cooking, take the shanks out of the fridge. Season them with salt all over. Let rest to near room temperature. 

Preheat your oven to 320°F (160°C) with a rack in the lower middle. 

Step 2 - In a large Dutch oven or casserole, heat up the olive oil and butter on medium-high heat until it shimmers. Add the pork shanks and cook until golden all over for about 10 minutes, rotating the shanks every 2-3 minutes. When nicely golden all over, transfer the shanks to a plate. Do not clean the drippings in the Dutch oven. 

Step 3 -Turn the heat to medium and add the shallots, garlic and carrots. Cook for 7-8 minutes until the onion is glistening and fragrant. Add the pork shanks back into the Dutch oven, over the vegetables. Add the cloves, bay leaves, ground cinnamon, black pepper and thyme. Add the beer and stock. Bring to a simmer, cover with a lid and place in the pre-heated oven for 3 hours, turning the pork shanks after 1 hour and 30 minutes.  

Step 4 -After the 3-hour mark, check if the pork is tender by poking a pointy fork in it. If they still seem too tough, cook for 30 extra minutes. 

For serving, place the shanks in the middle of a shallow plate and pour the braising liquid with the vegetables over top. Serve with mashed potatoes, roasted potatoes or Gratin Dauphinois.

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Cauliflower in Brittany

Cauliflower are one of the flagship produces of Brittany, my home region, and are ubiquitous in the local cooking repertoire. This is especially true in late Fall and all throughout Winter, when cauliflower are in season. Brittany’s sandy soil and mild, humid Winters makes it perfect to grow this cruciferous vegetable – and the region grows and harvests about 80% of the total cauliflower available in France. 

I just love to see the first cauliflower graze the stalls of my local farmer’s market. While they mark the start of colder temperatures, they also mean warming soups, cozy gratins, and all kinds of comforting stews will start their rotation in our kitchens.  

Naturally, the Brittany cooking repertoire features a myriad of cauliflower recipes. Among the most favorite ones are the Cauliflower Gratin and this Creamy Roasted Cauliflower Soup.

Tips when shopping for cauliflower 

When shopping for cauliflower, look for one that has firm, dense and blemish free florets (although tiny blemish spots are fine in my opinion) . The cauliflower color should be creamy white. When lifting it, it should feel heavy for its size. If you see any leaves still attached around it, they should be vibrant green and still “fresh” (not look wilted). 

How to Roast Cauliflower

Roasting cauliflower is a wonderful way to bring out their sweetness and deepen their flavor profile. In my opinion, boiled cauliflower can taste rather bland and often need sauces and/or salty fixings to become interesting. But roasted cauliflower develops such delicious caramel and nutty flavors. You can simply enjoy them on their own as a side, or use them to build this creamy, tasty soup.  

Here are the steps and a few tips to ensure that your roasted cauliflower turns out perfectly.

• Step 1: Prepare the cauliflower. 

First, break the cauliflower head into florets and chop off the core. For best results, I recommend you cut the cauliflower into uniformly sized pieces, so they cook evenly. 

• Step 2: Prepare the baking sheet. 

Use a large baking sheet with raised edges. You can lightly grease it with a drizzle of oil (or cooking spray) or line it with parchment paper (much easier to clean after!).

• Step 3: Preheat your oven

Roasting requires your oven to be set at a relatively high temperature. For cauliflower florets, I find that 425˚F (220˚C) is ideal to get them nicely roasted and crisp. Make you sure you preheat your oven early enough so it is fully preheated when you insert the cauliflower tray. 

• Step 4: Toss the ingredients together. 

When the oven is fully pre-heated, toss your ingredients (cauliflower florets, olive oil and salt) directly onto the baking sheet. Make sure the florets are all evenly well coated with oil. Spread the florets in an even layer onto the baking sheet. 

Don’t overcrowd the pan! The florets need to be spaced enough to roast and caramelize well. If placed too close, they will release steam and just soften. If you feel your pan is too crowded, don’t hesitate and roast the florets in two separate batches. 

• Step 5: Roast, turn and roast again. 

Roast the florets for 30 minutes. Flip the pieces halfway through baking using a large spatula. You’ll notice the bottom part of the florets will be golden and we want to get the other side equally as caramelized. 

When the cauliflower is tender and all golden throughout (charred bits are fine too), take them out of the oven and let cool for 5 minutes before using to make the soup. 

How to store this Creamy Roasted Cauliflower Soup 

After making (and enjoying) this soup – if you have any leftovers – you can store it in the refrigerator or in the freezer.

• In the refrigerator: store it in an airtight container in the fridge for up to 4-5 days. Reheat your soup portions on the stovetop or in the microwave. Note: this soup can thicken slightly while cooling down to room temperature. The soup will thin out again when reheated, but you will likely need to add in a few extra splashes of water or heavy cream to reach your desired soup texture.
• In the freezer: store it in a (freezer-friendly) airtight container and place it in the freezer for up to 3 months. To reheat, let the soup thaw in the fridge before heating it through on the stovetop or in the microwave. Stir a few splashes of water or heavy cream to reach your desired soup texture.

What to serve with this soup

This roasted cauliflower soup is so tasty and creamy that you can simply enjoy it as is, with freshly cracked black pepper and thyme. But as with many soups, it invites many topping options too! 

You can enjoy it topped with fresh parsley or tarragon, croutons, salty bacon bits or chopped nuts, such as hazelnuts or walnuts for crunch. 

You can enjoy this soup on its own as a starter or make it a meal paired with a Salade Lyonnaise, a slice of Quiche Lorraine or a Croque-Monsieur. 

I hope you’ll love this Creamy Roasted Cauliflower Soup as much as I do! If you have any questions, please leave a comment. 

More Soup recipes you may like

• • Classic French Lentil Soup
  • Classic French Carrot Soup (Potage Crecy)
  • Provencal Garlic Soup (Aigo Boulido)
  • Creamy Leek & Potato Soup (Soupe Vichyssoise) 
  • Split Pea Bacon Soup (Potage Saint Germain)
  • Smoked Ham Hock Bean Cabbage Soup (Garbure)

Creamy Roasted Cauliflower Soup

Print Recipe

Serves: 4 Prep Time: 10 Minutes Cooking Time: 50 Minutes 50 Minutes

Nutrition facts: 200 calories 20 grams fat

Rating: 4.1/5

( 8 voted )

Ingredients

1 large head of cauliflower (about 2 pounds), cut into bite-sized florets
2 tbsp (30 ml) extra-virgin olive oil
½ tsp salt
½ tbsp (7g) butter, unsalted
1 medium red onion, chopped
2 cloves garlic, pressed or minced
4 cups (1L/32 ounces) vegetable broth (ideally low-sodium)
1 tbsp (15ml) fresh lemon juice
¼ tsp grated nutmeg
For garnish (optional): freshly ground black pepper and thyme (stemmed), to taste 

Instructions

Step 1 – Preheat your oven to 425˚F (220˚C). Line a large baking sheet with parchment paper.

Step 2 – Toss the cauliflower florets onto the prepared baking sheet. Drizzle with 2 tablespoons of extra virgin olive oil, sprinkle with salt and toss to coat the florets evenly. Arrange the florets in a single layer onto the baking sheet. Bake for 30 minutes, tossing halfway until the cauliflower is golden and slightly charred on the edges.

Step 3 – When the cauliflower is almost done roasting, melt the butter in a Dutch oven or large pot over medium heat. Add the onion and garlic, and cook for 4-5 minutes, stirring occasionally, until translucent and fragrant. Add the broth.

Step 4 - Reserve 4 or 6 of the prettiest roasted cauliflower bits for garnishing the soup bowls later. Add the roasted florets to the pot. Turn the heat to medium heat and bring to a simmer. Boil for 20 minutes, stirring occasionally, until the florets are fork tender. Remove from the heat. 

Step 5 -  Blend the soup (with a hand blender or in a processor) until smooth. Add the lemon juice and stir. Season with nutmeg and stir again. Taste and adjust seasoning if needed, with salt. 

Step 6 - For serving, ladle the soup into individual bowls. Top with reserved cauliflower florets, sprinkle with freshly ground black pepper and thyme. 

The post Creamy Roasted Cauliflower Soup appeared first on Pardon Your French.

Buckwheat, a staple ingredient in Brittany.

I have always had a fondness for alternative flours, especially buckwheat flour. Buckwheat, known in French as “blé noir” or “sarrasin”, is a central ingredient in Brittany cooking. It features in many of our local specialties, like savory buckwheat crepes or the earthy kig ha farz meat stew. I enjoyed this flour all throughout my childhood in France, and I have always loved it for its distinct earthy and nutty flavours. 

Buckwheat flour is gluten-free which makes it a good choice for anybody with gluten sensitivities or celiac disease. It is packed with nutrients and versatile. It is also widely available and a great choice for anyone just starting to play around in the kitchen with alternative flours. 

However, note that these buckwheat sablés aren’t gluten-free since they use a combination of both buckwheat and all-purpose flour.

Notes on Buckwheat flour in the US/Canada vs. France 

Since starting this blog, I have had a lot of people ask me about buckwheat flour. The question that I get the most is what brand/type of buckwheat flour to buy in the US/Canada to recreate the same taste and look as in France? Most people point out that buckwheat flour is much darker in US/Canada, resulting in darker results in baked goods and crepes.  

What I have found from my experience of juggling back and forth between North American and French flours is that the French buckwheat flour is usually sold in a refined form, whereas buckwheat flour in North America is usually left whole grain. 

• Un-refined North American buckwheat flour found in North America is grainier and darker in color. It will for instance create sablés or savory crêpes that are much darker in color and with a more assertive taste. Examples of North American whole-grain buckwheat flours are Bob’s Red Mill Organic Buckwheat Flour and the one you can find in bulk at a store like Bulk Barn. 
• Refined French buckwheat flour is usually powderier in texture and lighter in color. An example of French buckwheat flour is Treblec’s, which is sold everywhere in France, and online. This is probably one of the most famous brands, and the one that I grew up enjoying for making baked goods.   

I personally have no objection using either kind of these buckwheat flours – whole grain or refined. I just know what to expect. For instance, I often baked these Buckwheat Chocolate Chip Cookies while in Canada, and they ended up darker and earthier in taste since I was using whole grain buckwheat flour.

The sablés pictured here look lighter in color as they were made using French Treblec’s flour (since I recently moved back to France).

How to store these buckwheat sablés:

• Once completely cooled, you can store the sablés in an airtight container for up to 2 weeks. I think they tend to get better and better every day as their flavors blend and develop.
• These sablés also freeze very well. Place them in an airtight container in the freezer for up to 3 months.

Notes:

• A good quality butter will go along way for this sablé cookie, since the buttery taste is so prevalent. Ideally opt for a European butter with a higher fat content.
• The key to getting a delicate sablé texture is to not over-beat your dough. At first, the mixture will seem very dry but as you keep gently beating, it will bring out the moisture and the dough will come together in a rough and thick ball. As soon as it comes together, stop mixing.
• After being shaped into a log, the dough needs to rest for at least 2 hours in the fridge to firm and become sliceable. Ideally, leave it in the fridge overnight, which also helps developing the flavors.
• I prefer to use roughly chopped dark chocolate. But chocolate chips work perfectly too.

You may also like: 

• Buckwheat Chocolate Chip Cookies with Sea Salt
• Brownies with Pecans and Fleur de Sel
• Chouquettes (French Sugar Puffs)
• Roasted Hazelnut Financiers
• Homemade Hazelnut Chocolate Spread 
• Chocolate Chip Cookies with Fleur de Sel
• Hazelnut Chocolate Sea Salt Granola

Buckwheat Sablés with Chocolate Chips

Print Recipe

Serves: 2 dozens Prep Time: 20 Minutes + chilled overnight Cooking Time: 12 Minutes 12 Minutes

Nutrition facts: 200 calories 20 grams fat

Rating: 4.6/5

( 5 voted )

Ingredients

1 ¼ cup (156g) all-purpose flour
¾ cup (95g) buckwheat flour (*see notes above)
¼ tsp salt
1 cup (2 sticks/225g) unsalted butter, at room temperature - soft.
2/3 cup (133g) granulated sugar
1 tsp. vanilla extract
1/3 cup (116g) dark chocolate, roughly chopped - or chocolate chips

Instructions

Step 1 - In a medium bowl, whisk together the all-purpose flour, buckwheat flour and salt.

Step 2 - In a large mixing bowl, cream together the butter with the sugar and vanilla until fluffy and lighter in color, about 1 minute.

Step 3 – Add the flours and chopped chocolate all at once and beat until just incorporated.

Step 4 - Transfer the dough onto a floured working surface and, with your hands, form the dough into a long log about (2 inches in diameter). The dough is dense, so if you find it too hard to shape in one long log, shape it in two short logs. Wrap the log tightly in plastic wrap and refrigerate at least two hours, but ideally overnight.

The day of baking, pre-heat your oven to 350°F (180°C) and line two baking sheets with parchment paper.

Step 5 – Take the log(s) out of the fridge at least 1 hour before, so it is not too tough to work with. Unwrap, and using a sharp cooking knife, slice the dough into ¼ inch thick coins. If you hit chocolate chunks with your knife, the dough might crumble a bit – do not worry, you can easily reshape the dough coins with your fingers.

Step 6 - Place the coins on the baking sheets, at least 1½ inches (3.8 cm) apart.

Bake for 12 minutes or until the sablés are golden brown underneath. Take out of the oven, leave the sablés on the sheet for 2 minutes and transfer them onto a cooling rack.

 

Notes...

This recipe was first published on the blog in January 2018. It was then updated on May 2022. I wanted to update the photos and add friendlier instructions. I also slightly reduced the amount of sugar and found that chopped chocolate (vs. chocolate chips) works better.

The post Buckwheat Sablés with Chocolate appeared first on Pardon Your French.

Cauliflower in Brittany

Cauliflowers are one of the flagship produces grown in Brittany and are ubiquitous in the local cooking repertoire – with this recipe being perhaps the most popular way to enjoy them. The north-western region of France grows and harvests about 80% of the total cauliflowers in France. Brittany’s sandy soil and mild, humid Winters makes it perfect to grow this cruciferous vegetable.

When shopping for cauliflower, look for one that has firm, dense and blemish free florets. Its color should be creamy white. When lifting it, it should feel heavy for its size. If you see any leaves still attached around it, they should be vibrant green and still “fresh” (not look wilted). 

What is a Mornay Sauce?

In essence, a Mornay Sauce is a classic Béchamel sauce – one of the 5 French Mother sauces – with the addition of grated cheese. It’s creamy, lightly cheesy and a staple to have in your French cooking repertoire. Mornay is a versatile sauce. It is used not only for this cauliflower gratin, but also for making a croque-monsieur or a classic endive ham gratin. 

Hard mountain cheese (Alpine cheese) is classically used for a Mornay sauce. Look for or Gruyère or Emmental at your local grocers – they are slightly more expensive but will really make the sauce! 

Can you prepare this Cauliflower Gratin in advance? 

• You can make the Mornay sauce in advance, up to 1 day ahead. After making the sauce, transfer it into a bowl. Cover it with a plastic film that touches the surface of the sauce so no skin forms on top. Let it cool completely to room temperature and keep in the fridge until ready to be used. Before using it, re-heat the sauce in a saucepan over medium-low heat and whisk vigorously until it becomes smooth again.
• You can also make the whole dish in advance – a few hours up to the day before. Prepare the dish up until it goes in the oven. Let the dish cool to room temperature, cover and refrigerate. Then, pre-heat your oven to 395°F (200°C) and bake as directed. You will need to bake it a little longer (about 10 minutes additional) since the dish is going cold into the oven. 

Cooking notes: 

• After boiling the cauliflower florets, make sure you drain them very well and set them aside for at least 10-15 minutes to allow them to “steam off”. This is really important as you want to draw as much moisture as possible from the cauliflower, to prevent the gratin from being watery in the oven.

More sides you may like: 

• Roasted Brussels Sprouts Gruyere Gratin
• Belgian Endive and Ham Gratin (Endives Au Jambon)
• French Green Beans Almondine
• Classic French Gratin Dauphinois
• Turnip & Carrot Gratin

Cauliflower Gratin (Gratin de Choufleur)

Print Recipe

Serves: 4-6 people Prep Time: 20 Minutes Cooking Time: 25 Minutes 25 Minutes

Nutrition facts: 200 calories 20 grams fat

Rating: 5.0/5

( 4 voted )

Ingredients

8 cups cauliflower florets (3 lbs/1 medium head cut into florets)
200g bacon (4 strips/4 ounces), cut into ¼-inch-thick slices
¾ cup (75g) grated Gruyère cheese

For the Mornay sauce:
¼ cup (62g) unsalted butter
1/2 cup (62g) all purpose flour
2 cups (500ml) 2% milk
½ tsp black pepper
¼ tsp nutmeg
¾ cup (75g) grated Gruyère cheese
½ tsp salt (optional)

Instructions

Pre-heat your oven to 395°F (200°C) with a rack in the middle.

Step 1 – Prepare the cauliflower. Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil, dump the cauliflower in and cook for 5-6 minutes, until tender but still slightly firm.  Drain immediately, and set aside.

Step 2 – Line a small plate with paper towel. In a frying pan, over medium heat, cook the bacon strips stirring frequently, until browned, about 5 minutes. Scoop bacon pieces into the prepared plate, lined with paper towel. 

Step 3 - Make the Mornay Sauce. Melt the butter in a medium saucepan over medium heat. Add the flour and cook for 1 minute stirring constantly with a wooden spoon, until a thick paste forms that leaves the edges of the pan clean.

Switch to a whisk, and add the milk slowly, stirring constantly. Bring to a slow boil, and keep stirring until the sauce thickens. Turn the heat to low and stir in the  black pepper, nutmeg, grated Gruyère (¾ cup/75g), and half of the cooked bacon. Adjust seasoning if needed (salt) and set aside.

Step 4 - Place the cauliflower pieces in a baking dish. Pour the Mornay sauce over top, making sure you cover everything evenly. Sprinkle with the remaining Gruyère (¾ cup/75g) and the remaining bacon. Season with black pepper, to taste. 

Bake for 15 minutes, and finish with 2-3 minutes under the broiler. Let cool for 10-15 minutes before serving.

The post Cauliflower Gratin (Gratin de Choufleur) appeared first on Pardon Your French.

It’s rustic, perfect for Fall and a great square meal for the whole family. 

How to cook perfect pork chops

Because they can end up tough and dry if over-cooked, pork chops have a reputation for being difficult to cook – but I assure you they shouldn’t be. This recipe ensures the pork chops will be fully cooked and remain juicy, by adopting a 2-step process. First, the pork chops are seared on the stove-top in butter until golden-brown. This step creates a nice caramelization all around, without cooking through the center. Then, the chops are transferred into a hot oven to finish cooking. This second step, with a gentler heat, ensures the middle of pork chops can fully cook, before the outsides become overdone.   

At this point, I also highly recommend you use a food thermometer to check the internal temperature of the pork chops. When they reach an internal temperature of 140-145°F (60-63°C), immediately take the pork chops out of the oven and transfer them onto a plate/cutting board. Cover them with foil, and the pork chops will continue to cook slightly. Using a food thermometer makes things very easy and basically foolproof – once the pork chops reach a 140-145°F (60-63°C) internal temperature, they are done. 

For this recipe, I recommend you choose bone-in pork chops that are about ¾-1 inch (1.9-2.5cm) thick. These thicker chops, with the bones, will also be less-likely to be overcooked. If you choose boneless and/or thinner pork chops, you will be more likely to overcook them. 

Lastly, make sure you take the pork chops out of the fridge at least 1 hour before cooking them and salt them generously. You want to allow some time for the salt to penetrate the meat and for the chops to warm up close to room temperature. 

Choose baking apples

Just like most baking or cooking projects that include apples, it is best to use baking apples for this recipe. Compared to eating apples, baking apples aren’t as juicy and won’t turn mushy once cooked. Good baking varieties I recommend are Honey Crisp, Jonagold, Braeburn, Mutsu, Pink Lady and Northern Spy. 

The only exception would be for Granny Smith apples. While Granny Smith are usually my go-to cooking/baking apple variety, I find them to be slightly too tart for this recipe. I recommend sticking to red-skinned varieties which are generally sweeter and will caramelize better. 

The apples are to be cut in big wedges and pan-fried in butter until soft inside and caramelized outside. Depending on the apple variety chosen, some may soften more quickly than others, so just make sure you keep an eye on the apples when you cook them. You can check on their doneness by poking a sharp knife in an apple wedge – it should feel soft but not mushy. Stop cooking the apples when they are tender enough but not breaking apart yet.

For the final dish photos, here, I used Honey Crisp apples and the result was perfect. They held their shape very well and caramelized nicely. 

Hard Apple Cider

For this recipe, prefer a dry hard apple cider – not sweet/off-dry. You can buy a can from a grocery store or ideally opt for dry hard cider from a local apple farm. Note that the alcohol from the cider will completely evaporate while simmering. 

I don’t recommend using a non-alcoholic cider for this recipe, as they are often too sweet and won’t create as nice a depth of flavor for the sauce.  

Cooking notes: 

• I highly recommend the use of a food thermometer. Pork chops need to be cooked until they reach an internal temperature of 140-145°F (60-63°C). If overdone, pork chops can end up tough.
• This recipe requires a large skillet/ pan (about 3-3.5qt) that can go from the stove-top to the oven. The one pictured here is 3.5 qt. 
• I love to add a splash of cognac when building the sauce. This enhances the apple flavors and brings more depth to the sauce. However, this step is optional. 
• At the end, the sauce is enriched and thickened with crème fraiche. You can find tubs of crème fraiche at the grocery store near sour creams usually. As a substitute, you can use heavy cream (35% m.f.). 
• This recipe is for 4 servings, but you can easily double the quantities to serve it for 8 people. 

I hope you’ll love this Pork Chops with Apples and Cider Sauce recipe as much as I do! If you have any questions, please leave a comment. 

You may also like:

• Pork Chops in Grainy Mustard & Mushroom Sauce  
• Split Pea Bacon (Soup Potage Saint Germain)
• Caramelized Apple Skillet Cake
• Classic French Beef Bourguignon

Pork Chops with Apples and Cider Sauce

Print Recipe

Serves: 4 people Prep Time: 20 Minutes Cooking Time: 35 Minutes 35 Minutes

Nutrition facts: 200 calories 20 grams fat

Rating: 5.0/5

( 3 voted )

Ingredients

For the apples:
1 tbsp (14g) unsalted butter
2 large sweet baking apples, cored and cut into 12 wedges (peeled or unpeeled)
For the pork chops:
1 tbsp (14g) unsalted butter
4 pork chops, bone-in, ¾ to 1 inch thick (6-7 ounces each)
2 tbsp (17g) flour
¼ tsp salt
¼ tsp freshly ground black pepper
For the Cider Sauce:
½ tbsp (7g) unsalted butter
1 shallot or 1/2 medium-size onion, peeled and finely diced
1 cup (250ml) apple cider (hard, dry)
1/2 cup (125ml) chicken stock
1 tbsp (15ml) cognac (optional)
2 tbsp (32g) crème fraiche
1 tsp honey
Salt, Freshly ground black pepper to taste
1 tbsp fresh chive, finely chopped

Instructions

Make sure you read the cooking notes before you start.

One hour before cooking, take pork chops out of the fridge. Season with salt and pepper on both sides, and dust lightly with flour on both sides as well.  Let stand on the counter to allow to warm up to room temperature.

Pre-heat your oven to 375°F(190°C) with a rack in the middle.

Step 1 – For the apples. Heat up a large skillet (or oven-safe frying pan) over medium-high heat and add one tablespoon of butter to the pan. When the butter sizzles, add the apple wedges in a single layer and cook until lightly caramelized, about 2 minutes. Flip apple wedges and cook again until lightly caramelized on the other side. Transfer apples onto a plate, cover with foil to keep warm and set aside. 

Step 2 – For the pork chops. Melt another tablespoon of butter in the same skillet, over medium-high heat. Add pork chops to the skillet and sear for about 3-4 minutes, until golden-brown underneath. Flip the pork chops and sear again until brown underneath. Pop the skillet in the pre-heated oven and cook 10-12 minutes, until pork registers 140-145°F(60-63°C). 

Remove skillet from the oven and transfer pork chops on the plate with the apples, cover with foil and set aside. Do not clean the skillet. 

Step 3 – For the cider sauce. Add ½ tablespoon of butter to the skillet, over medium-high heat. Add the shallots and saute for 3-4 minutes until fragrant and slightly caramelized. Add the cider and scrape the bottom of the pan (with a spatula) to unstick any grease/pork bits. Bring cider to a slow boil and simmer until cider is reduced to a thin syrup consistency – about 5 minutes. 

Stir in the chicken broth, cognac (optional), crème fraiche and honey. Season to taste with salt and black pepper. Add ½ tbsp of fresh chive.

For serving, place pork chops and apples onto a large serving plate or individual plates and spoon the cider sauce over-top. Sprinkle with the remaining ½ tbsp of fresh chive.

The post Pork Chops with Apples and Cider Sauce appeared first on Pardon Your French.

What is Fleur de Sel? 

Fleur de Sel, translating literally to “Flower of salt”, is the crust of salt that forms on the surface of sea water as it evaporates. Fleur de Sel is grown in salt marshes and is then collected traditionally, using wooden racks by workers called paludiers. It is a rather labor intensive process which explains why fleur de sel is more expensive than table salt. Fleur de Sel is very often used in Brittany cooking and baking, as it’s grown/created on its coast – notably in Guérande, Noirmoutier and the Ile de Ré. 

I always bring back some Fleur de Sel from France in my luggage. But you can also easily find Fleur de Sel online (I recommend the Paludier or Le Saunier de Camargue) and in some specialty grocery stores. 

How to use Fleur de Sel? 

With Fleur de Sel, a little goes a long way. Use it as a tiny garnish, sprinkled over food, rather than the classic salt you would add to your dish in the process of cooking. In texture, Fleur de Sel comes in larger salt crystals. In taste, it has a higher moisture content than table salt, which makes the crystals often stick together and hence deliver a higher, more intense salt flavor on your tongue. 

This brownies recipe show you exactly how table salt and Fleur de Sel are used in different ways: the table salt is mixed with the dry ingredients and folded into the batter, while the Fleur de Sel is sprinkled on the brownies right before baking. 

How to get “crackly top” brownies?

The shiny and crackly crust of a brownie is a very thin layer of meringue that rises to the top when baking. This is achieved by incorporating air into the eggs and making sure the air stays in the batter.

Step 1 – Incorporate air into the batter. You should start by creaming the butter and sugar together very well, until pale and fluffy. Then, add the eggs and beat the mixture for at least 5 minutes until foamy. The longer you beat the batter after adding the eggs, the more air will get incorporated into the batter and the better the crackly crust on top will form. For this step, you will need a whisk: though it is much easier with a stand mixer with a whisk attachment, but doable by hand too, in my opinion.   

Step 2 – Keep the air in the batter. Once the egg batter is foamy, you can switch to a spatula and start adding the other ingredients: melted chocolate, flour, cocoa, etc… At this point, you want to mix the batter as little as possible, to keep all the air in. Use a spatula (not a whisk!) and stop mixing when ingredients are just incorporated.

If you follow these 2 steps, you should have a shiny and crackly curst form on top of your brownies.

More cooking notes: 

• Make sure you use unsalted butter. This recipe calls for salt and fleur de sel which will provide plenty enough salt for the brownies. If you use salted butter, the brownies will likely be too salty in taste. 
• I understand it can be tempting to reduce the amount of sugar, but I do not recommend it. I find that a whole cup of sugar is indeed needed to create a perfectly fudgy texture. The sugar also helps to form the crackly crust on the top. I know this may seem like a bit too much sugar, but they’re brownies after all!
• You can substitute the pecans for walnuts. For a nut-free version of these brownies, replace the 50g of nuts for 50g of extra chocolate chips.
• The key to fudgy-centered brownies is to not overmix the batter, nor over-bake it.
• This recipe is best suited for a square 8×8-inch (20.3×20.3cm) pan, lined-up with foil.

I hope you’ll love this Brownies with Pecans and Fleur de Sel recipe as much as I do! If you have any questions, feel free to leave a comment. 

You may also like:

• Buckwheat Chocolate Chip Cookies with Sea Salt 
• Chocolate Chip Cookies with Fleur de Sel
• Breton Salted Butter Sables
• Hazelnut Chocolate Sea Salt Granola
• Classic French Chocolate Truffles
• Classic French Chocolate Pots de Crème

Brownies with Pecans and Fleur de Sel

Print Recipe

Serves: 9 squares Prep Time: 20 Minutes Cooking Time: 40 Minutes 40 Minutes

Nutrition facts: 200 calories 20 grams fat

Rating: 4.8/5

( 4 voted )

Ingredients

1 cup (200g) granulated sugar
1/2 cup + 2 tbsp (145g) unsalted butter (at room temperature)
7 oz (200g) chocolate, chopped (dark or semi-sweet)
1 tsp vanilla extract
1 tbsp (15ml) espresso or coffee, cold
2 large eggs (at room temperature)
2/3 cups (80g) all-purpose flour
1 tbsp (7.5g)  cocoa powder
¼ tsp salt
1.75 oz (50g) chocolate chips (dark or semi-sweet)
1/2 cup (50g) pecans
1 tsp Fleur de sel

Instructions

Make sure you read the cooking notes (above) before you start.

Pre-heat your oven to 350°F (180°C) with a rack in the middle. Line a square 8x8-inch (20.3x20.3cm) pan with foil.

Step 1 - In a medium steel bowl, over a bain-marie, melt the 7 oz (200g) of chopped chocolate. Once melted, set aside to cool.

Step 2 - In a large mixing bowl, using a whisk, cream (*) the butter and sugar together. *Creaming means you need to whisk together the butter and sugar for about 5 minutes until pale and fluffy.

Step 3 - Add the eggs and whisk again for at least 5 minutes until foamy.

Step 4 - Switch to a spatula, and add the vanilla extract, espresso (or coffee) and melted chocolate and mix until just incorporated.

Step 5 - In a separate bowl, whisk together the flour, cocoa powder and salt. Fold the dry ingredients into the chocolate mixture until just incorporated. Fold in the chocolate chips and pecans.

Step 6 - Transfer the batter into the prepared pan and smooth out the top with a spatula. Sprinkle evenly with fleur de sel. Bake for 40 minutes until the edges are set and the middle is still soft.

Transfer onto a cooling rack and let cool for about 15-20 minutes before removing from the pan. Slice in 9 squares. Enjoy warm or chilled. 

The post Brownies with Pecans and Fleur de Sel appeared first on Pardon Your French.

How to choose globe artichokes?

When picking up an artichoke, get a feel first for its weight: it should feel solid and heavy. As artichokes get older, they dry up and get lighter, so the heavier it feels the fresher it will be. The leaves should be tightly bound, thick, sturdy and “squeak” when you squeeze them. A few brown blemishes on the leaves are fine in my opinion. Artichokes can be stored in the refrigerator, for up to 1 week.

How to eat “Artichaut Vinaigrette”?

For anyone who has never eaten “Artichaut Vinaigrette” or any boiled/steamed globe artichoke before, these instructions will likely come handy. So, here’s how it’s done.

1. Starting from the base, pull out each leaf and dip the edible “meaty” part into the vinaigrette.
2. Place the meaty/dipped part of the leaf into your month and pull it through your teeth while scraping the pulpy/meaty part to eat it.
3. Work your way to the center, reaching to the tiny yellow leaves with the purple tips– these can be discarded as they don’t have much meat.
4. With a knife or spoon, scrape out and discard the inedible fuzzy part (the choke) attached to the heart.
5. Once fuzz free, enjoy the heart by cutting it in pieces and dipping them into the remaining vinaigrette.  

Cooking notes:

• When boiling the artichokes, make sure they always stay submerged under water. To do so, use a heat-proof plate or lid (smaller than the circumference of the pot) to hold them down under water.
• Boiling artichokes tends to water log them. So when they are fully cooked, make sure you flip them upside down above the sink or in a colander to drain all the excess water .
• Some people like to snip the ends of the leaves off with scissors to remove the thorns. This step is mostly aesthetic and purely optional.
• Feel free to get creative with the vinaigrette! You can add different herbs (ie. dill, chive, basil), chopped nuts (walnuts, hazelnuts), or salty fixings like capers, olives or anchovies. 
• This recipe is for 2 people (1 artichoke/person) but you can easily double or triple quantities to serve 4 or 6 people.

I hope you enjoy this Globe Artichokes with Dijon Vinaigrette (Artichauts Vinaigrette) recipe as much as I do! Any questions, don’t hesitate to leave a comment. 

You may also like: 

• The Quiche Lorraine 
• Leeks with Dijon Shallot Vinaigrette
• Herby Spring Vegetable Jardiniere
• Sweet Pea Ham Quiche 
• Spinach Cheese Quiche 

Globe Artichokes with Dijon Vinaigrette (Artichauts Vinaigrette)

Print Recipe

Serves: 2 Prep Time: 10 Minutes Cooking Time: 30 minutes 30 minutes

Nutrition facts: 200 calories 20 grams fat

Rating: 5.0/5

( 5 voted )

Ingredients

2 globe artichokes
3 tbsp (30ml) lemon juice
2 tsp salt
For the vinaigrette:
1 tbsp balsamic vinegar
 ¼ tsp salt
1/2 shallot, peeled and finely diced
1 tbsp Dijon Mustard
¼ tsp freshly ground black pepper
6 tbsp (90ml) Extra Virgin Olive Oil

Instructions

Make sure you read the cooking notes before you start.

Step 1 – Rinse the artichokes thoroughly under cold water. Remove any of the tiny leaves on the stems. Break off the stems of the artichokes by gently pushing on them - hard fibers attached to the stem will come off. Now use a sharp knife to cut the base of the stem evenly so the artichokes can stand up right.

Step 2 – Fill a large pot with water. Add the lemon juice and salt and bring to a boil. When the water is boiling add the artichokes. They will float to the surface, so use a heat-proof plate or lid (smaller than the circumference of the pot) to hold them down under water. Boil for 30 minutes (prepare the vinaigrette in the meantime) until you can easily poke the base of the artichoke with a knife (it should feel tender) and you can easily pull off an outer leaf. Drain the artichokes upside down for 5 minutes.

Step 3 – For the vinaigrette, combine the vinegar and salt in a bowl, and whisk with a fork for about 1 minute until the salt has dissolved. Add the shallot, mustard and pepper. Then, slowly drizzle in the oil in a steady stream while constantly whisking. Continue whisking until the dressing thickens to your desired texture. 

Serve each artichoke with a small bowl of vinaigrette on the side.

The post Globe Artichokes with Dijon Vinaigrette (Artichauts Vinaigrette) appeared first on Pardon Your French.